"lsof" is a command which lists all open open files on a system. And because everything is a file in Unix (this includes pipes, network sockets, disk files and all other devices) it is a bit like a swiss army knife for a Linux sysadmin.

Some examples:

To list all Internet and x.25 (HP-UX) network files:

# lsof -i

To show all network files related to port 22

# lsof -i:22

combine lsof and grep to show all ports on which your system is LISTENING:

# lsof -i | grep LISTEN

Show all open files from a user (e.g. apache ):

# lsof -u apache

Or use -a to combine both:

# lsof -a -i -u apache

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